LT3596
OPERATION
The LT3596 uses a constant-frequency, peak current mode
control scheme to provide excellent line and load regula-
tion. Operation is best understood by referring to the Block
Diagram (Figure 1). The bias, start-up, reference, oscillator,
TSET amplifier and the buck regulator are shared by the
three LED current sources. The conversion and control,
PWM dimming logic, LED fault detection, and LED drive
circuitry are identical for all three current sources.
Enable and undervoltage lockout (UVLO) are both con-
trolled by a single pin. If the EN/UVLO pin falls below
1.51V (typical), an accurate comparator turns off the LED
drivers and the buck regulator. If the pin continues to fall
to less than 0.4V, the part enters a low quiescent current
shutdown mode.
The LT3596 contains three constant-current sink LED
drivers. These drivers sink up to 100mA with 1.5% match-
ing accuracy between LED strings. The LED strings are
powered from the buck converter.
The buck converter contains an adaptive loop that adjusts
the output voltage based on LED string voltage to ensure
maximum efficiency. External compensation and soft-start
components are not required, minimizing component
count and simplifying board layout. An external resistor
programs the buck’s switching frequency between 200kHz
and 1MHz. The frequency can also be synchronized to an
external clock using the SYNC pin.
Step-Down Adaptive Control
Adaptive control of the output voltage maximizes system
efficiency. This control scheme regulates the output voltage
to the minimum that ensures all three LED strings turn
on. This accounts for the variation in the forward voltage
of the LEDs, and minimizes the power dissipation across
the internal current sources.
Activation of the adaptive loop is set by the status of the
PWM n pins. If any channel’s PWM pin is low, then the buck
regulator output ascends to an externally programmed out-
put voltage. This voltage is always set above the maximum
voltage drop of the LEDs. This guarantees that the buck
output voltage is high enough to immediately supply the
LED current once the strings are reactivated. As soon as
all of the PWM pins transition high, the output voltage of
the buck drops until the adaptive loop regulates the output
with about 1V across the LED current sinks. This scheme
optimizes the efficiency for the system since the output
voltage regulates to the minimum voltage required for all
three LED strings.
LED Current
Each LED string current is individually programmed to
a maximum of 100mA with 1.5% matching accuracy
between the strings. An external resistor on the I SET n
pin programs the maximum current for each string. The
CTRL n pin is used for analog dimming. Digital dimming
is programmed using the PWM n pin. A dimming ratio of
10,000:1 is achievable at a frequency of 100Hz.
Fault Protection and Reporting
The LT3596 features diagnostic circuitry that protects
the system in the event that a LED n pin is shorted to an
undesirable voltage. The LT3596 detects when the LED n
voltage exceeds 12V or is within 1.2V of V OUT when the LED
string is sinking current. If either faulted condition occurs,
the channel is disabled until the fault is removed. The fault
is reported on FAULT until the fault has cleared.
The LT3596 also offers open-LED detection and report-
ing. If a LED string is opened and no current flows in the
string, then a fault is reported on FAULT . A fault is also
reported if the internal die temperature reaches the TSET
programmed derating limit. LED faults are only reported
if the respective PWM signal is high.
3596fa
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